Quantum entanglement, teleportation, and randomness: Nobel Prize in Physics 2022

Precise control for individual quantum systems, such as individual photons, atoms, or ions, opens the door to a range of quantum technologies. The goal of this concept is to create devices that, due to quantum effects, will be able to solve prob„lems of data processing and secure information transfer and high-precision measurements of parameters of the surrounding world more effectively than existing approaches do. The key step in the advent of quantum technologies was the pioneering work of the second half of the twentieth century, which, first, showed the paradoxical nature and correctness of the quantum mechanical description of nature and, second, laid down and introduced the basic experimental approaches that became the basis of modern quantum technologies. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 was awarded to Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities, and pioneering quantum information science.